运维人员需要掌握如何使用源码安装MySQL数据库（mysql数据库运维工具）

本次采用的是Centos6系统安装mysql5.6.29数据库进行演示，一种方式是采用默认配置my.cnf来管理，另外一种方式是安装分目录my.cnf方式来管理。

mysql

采用默认配置my.cnf

一、Mysql-5.6.29源码安装准备：

1，安装需要的软件

[root@localhost ~]#yum -y install gcc gcc-c make ncurses ncurses-devel cmake cmake

二、源码安装mysql-5.6.29

2.1)创建用户和组并创建数据存放目录

[root@localhost ~]#groupadd mysql [root@localhost ~]#useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_3306 [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_3307 [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_3308

2.2)给数据库配置环境变量

[root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# echo"export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib" >>/etc/profile [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]#source /etc/profile [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]#echo $PATH

2.3)解压安装mysql-5.6.29

[root@localhost ~]#tar xf mysql-5.6.29.tar.gz [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_charSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk gb2312 utf8 ascii -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=0 -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# make [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# make install

2.4)给数据库目录授权

三、配置数据库

3.1）配置文件my.cnf文件

[root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]#vim /etc/my.cnf [root@mysqldb bin]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] #port = 3306 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld3306] port = 3306 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql_3306 socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_3306/slow.log log-error = /data/mysql_3306/error.log log-bin = /data/mysql_3306/mysql-bin sync_binlog = 1 binlog_cache_size = 4M default-storage-engine = InnoDB binlog_format = row transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m [mysql3307] port = 3307 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql_3307 socket = /tmp/mysql_3307.sock slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_3307/slow.log log-error = /data/mysql_3307/error.log log-bin = /data/mysql_3307/mysql-bin sync_binlog = 1 binlog_cache_size = 4M default-storage-engine = InnoDB binlog_format = row transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m [mysqld3308] port = 3308 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql_3308 socket = /tmp/mysql_3308.sock slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_3308/slow.log log-error = /data/mysql_3308/error.log log-bin = /data/mysql_3308/mysql-bin sync_binlog = 1 binlog_cache_size = 4M default-storage-engine = InnoDB binlog_format = row transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m [mysqld_multi] user = root password = hwg123 mysqld=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M

3.2）初始化数据库文件

[root@mysqldb ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/ [root@mysqldb scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_3306 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql [root@mysqldb scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_3307 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql [root@mysqldb scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_3308 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql

3.3）多实例采用mysqld_multi来启停数据库

[root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=hwg123 start 3306 3307 3308

3.4)查看多实例运行的状态

[root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi report Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is running

四、登录数据库操作

4.1)登录数据库是没有密码，因此需要修改密码

[root@mysqldb bin]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 5.6.29-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000 2016 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql; mysql>UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('hwg123') WHERE user='root'; mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES; [root@mysqldb bin]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql_3308.sock mysql> use mysql; mysql>UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('hwg123') WHERE user='root'; mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

4.2）授权某个网段ip登录到本机

先建一个库db01测试用一下：

mysql> create database db01; mysql> CREATE TABLE `goods` ( `gid` char(10) NOT NULL `gnam` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL `gdate` date DEFAULT NULL `gprice` char(100) DEFAULT '0' `gvprice` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL PRIMARY KEY (`gid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; mysql> show tables; mysql> desc goods;

再创建一个用户tony用来远程连接数据库：

mysql> grant all on db01.* to 'tony'@'10.93.58.%'identified by 'hwg123'WITH GRANT OPTION; mysql> flush privileges;

另外一个3307数据库也是一样的设置：

mysql> create database db02; mysql> CREATE TABLE `goods` ( `gid` char(10) NOT NULL `gnam` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL `gdate` date DEFAULT NULL `gprice` char(100) DEFAULT '0' `gvprice` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL PRIMARY KEY (`gid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; mysql> show tables; mysql> desc goods;

再创建一个用户tony用来远程连接数据库：

mysql> grant all on db02.* to 'tony'@'10.93.58.%'identified by 'hwg123'WITH GRANT OPTION; mysql> flush privileges;

五、开启和停止数据库

[root@mysqldb bin]# mysqld_multi stop 3306

此时发现我们不能正常的关闭某个数据库，查询资料需要修改my.cnf和mysqld_multi参数

[root@mysqldb bin]#vim /etc/my.cnf 增加如下： [mysqld_multi] user = root password = hwg123 [root@mysqldb bin]# vim /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi 修改如下一条记录：my_print_defaults -s my $com= join ' ' 'my_print_defaults -s' @defaults_options $group;

修改后我们就可以正常的停止启用数据库：

[root@mysqldb bin]# mysqld_multi stop 3307 [root@mysqldb bin]# mysqld_multi report Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is not running MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is running 安装分目录my.cnf方式

一，mysql-5.6.29源码安装准备：

1，安装需要的软件

[root@localhost ~]#yum -y install gcc gcc-c make ncurses ncurses-devel cmake cmake

二，源码安装mysql-5.6.29

2.1)创建用户和组并创建数据存放目录

[root@localhost ~]#groupadd mysql [root@localhost ~]#useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_3306 [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_3307 [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_3308

2.2)给数据库配置环境变量

[root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# echo"export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib" >>/etc/profile [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]#source /etc/profile [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]#echo $PATH

2.3)解压安装mysql-5.6.29

[root@localhost ~]#tar xf mysql-5.6.29.tar.gz [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk gb2312 utf8 ascii -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=0 -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# make [root@localhost mysql-5.6.29]# make install

2.4)给数据库目录授权

三、配置数据库

3.1）配置文件my.cnf文件

[root@mysqldb data]# ls lost found mysql_3306 mysql_3307 mysql_3308

分别在3306、3307、3308三个目录下面建立文件夹并且命名为my_3306.cnf、my_3307.cnf、my_3308.cnf

这三个文件夹的配置文件内容如下：

my_3306.cnf配置文件如下：

[root@mysqldb mysql_3306]#vim /data/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf [client] #port = 3306 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld3306] port = 3306 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql_3306 socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_3306/slow.log log-error = /data/mysql_3306/error.log log-bin = /data/mysql_3306/mysql-bin sync_binlog = 1 server_id = 1 binlog_cache_size = 4M default-storage-engine = InnoDB binlog_format = row transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m [mysqld_multi] user = root password = hwg123 #mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe #mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin log = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql_multi.log [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M my_3307.cnf配置文件如下： [root@mysqldb mysql_3307]# vim my_3307.cnf [client] #port = 3307 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld3307] port = 3307 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql_3307 socket = /tmp/mysql_3307.sock slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_3307/slow.log log-error = /data/mysql_3307/error.log log-bin = /data/mysql_3307/mysql-bin sync_binlog = 1 server_id = 3307 binlog_cache_size = 4M default-storage-engine = InnoDB binlog_format = row transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m [mysqld_multi] user = root password = hwg123 #mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe ##mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin log = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql_multi.log [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M my_3308.cnf配置文件如下： [root@mysqldb mysql_3308]# vi my_3308.cnf [client] #port = 3308 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld3308] port = 3308 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql_3308 socket = /tmp/mysql_3308.sock slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_3308/slow.log log-error = /data/mysql_3308/error.log log-bin = /data/mysql_3308/mysql-bin sync_binlog = 1 server_id = 3308 binlog_cache_size = 4M default-storage-engine = InnoDB binlog_format = row transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m [mysqld_multi] user = root password = hwg123 #mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe #mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin log = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql_multi.log [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M

3.2）初始化数据库文件

[root@mysqldb ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/ [root@mysqldb scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_3306 --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --user=mysql [root@mysqldb scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_3307 --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3307/my_3307.cnf --user=mysql [root@mysqldb scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_3308 --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3308/my_3308.cnf--user=mysql

3.3）多实例采用mysqld_multi来启停数据库

[root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --user=root start 3306 [root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3307/my_3307.cnf --user=root start 3307 [root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3308/my_3308.cnf --user=root start 3308

3.4)查看多实例运行的状态

[root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf report Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running [root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3307/my_3307.cnf report Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running [root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3308/my_3308.cnf report Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is running [root@mysqldb bin]# netstat -lantup |grep 330 tcp 0 0 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 11501/mysqld tcp 0 0 :::3308 :::* LISTEN 11443/mysqld tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 11475/mysqld

四，登录数据库操作

4.1)登录数据库是没有密码，因此需要修改密码

[root@mysqldb bin]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock [root@mysqldb bin]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql_3307.sock [root@mysqldb bin]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql_3308.sock

登录一台数据库修改密码操作如下：

mysql> use mysql; mysql>UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('hwg123') WHERE user='root'; mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

4.2）授权某个网段ip登录到本机

登录一台数据库操作如下：先建一个库db01

mysql> create database db01; mysql> CREATE TABLE `goods` ( `gid` char(10) NOT NULL `gnam` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL `gdate` date DEFAULT NULL `gprice` char(100) DEFAULT '0' `gvprice` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL PRIMARY KEY (`gid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; mysql> show tables; mysql> desc goods;

再创建一个用户tony用来远程连接数据库：

mysql> grant all on db01.* to 'tony'@'10.93.58.%'identified by 'hwg123'WITH GRANT OPTION; mysql> flush privileges;

五、开启、停止数据库

5.1）开启数据库

[root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --user=root start 3306 [root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3307/my_3307.cnf --user=root start 3307 [root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3308/my_3308.cnf --user=root start 3308

5.2）停止数据库

[root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --user=root stop 3306 [root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3307/my_3307.cnf --user=root stop 3307 [root@mysqldb bin]# ./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/data/mysql_3308/my_3308.cnf --user=root stop 3308 总结

1，主要的区别是一个采用默认my.cnf来管理数据库，另外一个在建立的文件夹内分别新建配置文件分开管理数据库。

2，适合使用一个数据库服务器上跑多个应用，节约使用成本达到最大利用率。

3，本人有在CentOS6系统上安装过，效果还不错，你若喜欢可以试试。

4，欢迎评论留言，最后感谢你的观看，谢谢！